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目的：观察低渗试验精子的超微结构，以探讨低渗试验的机制。 方法：采用透射电镜观察分析两种不同渗量低渗试验中精子的超微结构变化。 结果：活精子头部顶体膜间隙增宽，界限清晰，部分明显肿胀破裂。“ｇ”型精子尾部向 ４ 条外周致密纤维一侧卷曲，中段线粒体鞘损坏，尾部卷曲试验精子尾肿胀明显，部分外周致密纤维扭曲移位。 结论：活精子头部和尾部均可发生低渗肿胀反应，低渗精子的形态特征取决于低渗液的渗量和精子自身超微结构的差异。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructure of sperm in hypotonic test to investigate the mechanism of hypotonic test. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the ultrastructure changes of sperm in two different osmotic permeability tests. Results: Acrosome sperm acral membrane gap widened, clear boundaries, some obvious swelling and rupture. The tail of “g” type curled to the side of 4 peripheral dense fibers, the middle mitochondrial sheath was damaged, the tail curl test showed obvious swelling of sperm tail, and some peripheral dense fibers distorted and shifted. CONCLUSION: Hypotonic swelling reaction can occur in the head and tail of live spermatozoa. The morphological characteristics of hypotonic sperm depend on the osmolality of hypotonic fluid and the ultrastructure of sperm.