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在古汉语里,动词和宾语的关系一般是支配和被支配的关系,即:在一个句子里,主语发出某种动作行为,这种动作行为支配宾语,宾语是这种动作行为的对象。例如,“十年春,齐师伐我”,(《曹刿论战》)齐师发出动作行为“伐”,“伐”的对象是“我”(鲁国),“我”受“伐”的支配。这种动宾关系是常见的,理解起来也比较容易。但是,在某些特定的语言环境里,动宾关系不是一般的支配关系,而是某种特殊的关系,在意思的表达上表现出较为复杂的情况。本文想结合中学文言文教学,谈谈古汉语的几种特殊的动宾关系。
In ancient Chinese, the relationship between verbs and objects is generally the relationship between dominance and dominance, that is: in a sentence, the subject sends out some kind of action, which dominates the object, and the object is the object of this kind of action. For example, “In the spring of ten years, the Qi Division cut me,” (“Cao Yu Controversy”) Qi Shi issued action actions “cutting”, and the object of “cutting” was “I” (Lu), and “I” was subject to “cutting.” . This kind of relationship is common and easier to understand. However, in certain specific language environments, the verb-subject relationship is not a general dominance relationship but a specific relationship, which presents a more complex situation in the expression of meaning. This article wants to combine the teaching of classical Chinese in middle school and talk about some special dynamic relations between ancient Chinese and foreigners.