一、问题的提出 总结性评价由于其特殊功能,在教育范围被广泛地应用,例如每学年、每学期都有数以亿计的学生参加毕业会考、中考和高考等等。著名教育评价专家斯克里文在《评价方法论》中强调:“进行总结性评价,是指导者不可推托的责任,是赞助机构的明确要求,也是学校本身所需考虑的事情。”但当总结性评价被广泛应用于义务教育阶段,甚至发展成评价学生发展的唯一方法时,所造成的危害性是相当可怕的,其结果就是学校片面追求升学率,教育的功能逐渐 I. The Proposal of the Problem As a result of its special function, the summative evaluation is widely used in education. For example, hundreds of millions of students participate in the college entrance examination, middle school entrance examination and college entrance examination every semester and academic year. Well-known education evaluation expert Shriver emphasized in the “Evaluation Methodology”: “To conduct summative evaluation is the responsibility that the instructor cannot evade. It is the explicit requirement of the sponsoring institution and is also something that the school itself needs to consider.” But when summative When assessment is widely used in the compulsory education stage, and even developed into the only way to evaluate students’ development, the harm caused is rather frightening. As a result, the school is unilaterally pursuing higher rates of education, and the function of education is gradually