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目的了解青岛市电焊工主诉锰暴露职业健康损害症状,以便采取措施,预防电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。方法 2012年3-4月,在青岛市选择国有、外资及私营3种性质的机械制造企业电焊工进行问卷调查。结果在所调查的505名电焊工主诉的16种锰暴露职业健康损害症状中,眼部不适、咽喉痛、经常咳嗽、夜间腿抽筋、食欲下降的发生率分别为43.4%、30.1%、22.8%、16.8%及14.1%;其他11项症状的发生率均在10%以下。不同性质的工业企业电焊工主诉症状比较,有10项差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同户籍性质的电焊工主诉症状比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。电焊工食欲下降、夜间腿抽筋2项症状与吸烟有关(P<0.05)。眼部不适、咽喉痛等11项主诉症状与工龄有关(P<0.05),工龄越长,发生率越高。电焊工主诉症状种类数与工龄、作业岗位锰浓度呈明显正相关关系,但与工龄相关关系并不密切(相关系数<0.5)。结论青岛市电焊工锰暴露职业健康损害症状发生率较高,国有企业和外资企业应加强职业卫生管理,防制电焊工职业性慢性锰中毒的发生。
Objective To understand the symptoms of occupational health damage induced by manganese exposed workers in Qingdao City in order to take measures to prevent occupational chronic manganese poisoning. Methods From March to April 2012, a questionnaire survey was conducted on welders in state-owned, foreign-funded and private-owned machinery manufacturing enterprises in Qingdao. Results The prevalence of ocular discomfort, sore throat, frequent coughing, leg cramps at night and loss of appetite during nighttime were respectively 43.4%, 30.1% and 22.8% among the 16 manganese exposed occupational health damage complaints investigated by 505 welders. , 16.8% and 14.1% respectively. The other 11 symptoms were all below 10%. There were 10 differences between the complainant symptoms of different types of industrial enterprises welders (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the symptoms of welders with different hukou status (P> 0.05). Welder appetite decline, nocturnal leg cramps 2 symptoms related to smoking (P <0.05). Eye complaints, sore throat and other 11 main symptoms and length of service (P <0.05), the longer the length of service, the higher the incidence. The number of symptoms complained by welders was positively correlated with the length of service and the concentration of manganese in the job posts, but not with the length of service (correlation coefficient <0.5). Conclusion The incidence of occupational health damage caused by manganese exposed by welding workers in Qingdao City is high. State-owned enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises should strengthen occupational health management to prevent occupational chronic manganese poisoning of the welders.