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二十年来,我国液压滑模施工技术发展较快,滑模施工已广泛地应用于工业建筑的筒仓、水塔、井塔、烟囱、双曲线冷却塔、水工建筑中的溢流面、双曲拱坝、拱围堰、闸墩,以及民用建筑中多层和高层住宅及办公交易综合用房等。现在钢筋混凝土筒壁滑模施工高度已达240米,深圳国际贸易大厦主楼滑模施工已达53层。无论从滑模施工的应用范围和滑模施工工艺方面,都显示了我国液压滑模技术的水平。滑模施工一般不会给工程带来特殊的计算问题。但设计单位应同施工单位密切配合,熟悉并了解滑模工艺对设计的要求,以便设计时对建筑物的平面布置和立面处理尽可能适合滑模施工的特点,同时施工单位也应同设计单位共同商定结构的施工程序、区段划分,以及施工过程中保持结构稳定的技术措施。这种配合对确保滑模工程施工是十分必要的,使设计的工程既适合滑模工艺的特点,又满足施工条件的要求。冬季滑模施工由于气象和自然气候因素变化甚大,负温历时长,季风强度大,阳光辐射减弱,光照时间短,混凝土强度增长十分缓慢,因此在滑模工程施工组织设计中必须予以考虑,以确保选择的施工方案具有最佳的技术经济指标和最接近施工的实际条件,使滑升速度同混凝土强度增长速度相适应,保证出模混凝土强度不受冻害。冬季滑模施工必须采取保温、加热、挡风等措施,施工费用相应增加,施工控制更为困难,一般滑模施工不宜安排在冬季进行。滑模工艺是一种连续成型的快速施工方法,工程所需的原材料必须满足连续施工的要求,液压设备必须工作可靠,运转性能良好,以保证长时间连续施工。同时滑模施工又是多工种紧密配合的循环作业,施工组织设计要求严密,要建立统一的指挥系统,明确各自的岗位职责,这是保证滑模工程顺利进行的基本条件。
In the past two decades, China’s hydraulic sliding mode construction technology has developed rapidly. Slipform construction has been widely used in industrial buildings such as silos, water towers, well towers, chimneys, hyperbolic cooling towers, overflow surfaces in hydraulic construction, and double Arch dams, arch cofferdams, sluice piers, and multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings for civil buildings and general office buildings for office transactions. Now the construction height of the sliding form of the reinforced concrete cylinder wall has reached 240 meters, and the construction of the sliding mode of the main building of the Shenzhen International Trade Building has reached 53 floors. Regardless of the scope of application of sliding mode construction and slipform construction technology, it shows the level of hydraulic sliding mode technology in China. Slipform construction generally does not bring special calculation problems to the project. However, the design unit should work closely with the construction company to familiarize themselves with and understand the requirements of the slipform process design so that the layout and facade treatment of the building can be adapted to the characteristics of the slipform construction as much as possible. At the same time, the construction unit should also design the same. The unit shall agree on the construction procedures, the division of sections, and the technical measures to maintain the stability of the construction process. This cooperation is very necessary to ensure the construction of slipform engineering, so that the design of the project is not only suitable for the characteristics of slipform technology, but also meet the requirements of construction conditions. Slipform construction in winter due to meteorological and natural climatic factors vary greatly, negative temperature duration, monsoon intensity, sun radiation weakened, short illumination time, the strength of concrete growth is very slow, so it must be considered in the construction design of sliding mode construction. Ensure that the selected construction plan has the best technical and economic indicators and the actual conditions closest to the construction, so that the speed of sliding is compatible with the increase in strength of the concrete, and the strength of the ejected concrete will be protected from frost damage. Slip form construction in winter must adopt measures such as heat preservation, heating, and wind blocking. Construction costs increase accordingly, and construction control is more difficult. In general, sliding mode construction should not be arranged in winter. Slip-form technology is a rapid and continuous construction method. The raw materials needed for the project must meet the requirements for continuous construction. The hydraulic equipment must work reliably and have good running performance to ensure long-term continuous construction. At the same time, slipform construction is a multi-industry closely coordinated cycle operation. The construction organization design is demanding. It is necessary to establish a unified command system and define their own job responsibilities. This is the basic condition for ensuring the smooth progress of slipform engineering.