葡萄的花穗,从开花1—2周后,大量的小花从花梗的基部一起脱落。为了了解经开花授粉后的小花,从受精到座果直到落果为止的过程,对于白玫瑰香品种进行了组织形态学的观察。还有,为了提高结实率一般地进行开花期前的摘心和疏穗、喷硼的各种处理,研究了这些措施对于子房的发育如何给予影响。 1.利用荧光显微镜追踪花粉管伸长的结果,授粉一日后在大部份的小花中花粉管通过胚孔达到子房内的4个胚珠的3个或4个胚珠内。2—4日后到达率也不见变化。结实率在摘心疏穗区是28.6％,喷棚区为15.8％,未处理的放任处为9.5％,虽有显著的差异但花粉管的伸长数和到达胚珠的比率根据各区并无有意义的差别。 2.表示受精完成了的胚乳核分裂是从开花2、3天后开始,4天后各区都约为80％的胚珠中有2个以上的游离核。从而,推测花粉管假如达到胚珠确实地发生受精,放任区的结实不良,也不是因为不受精。 3.然而,其后的游离核的分裂活性,各区差别大,开花4天后分裂为5核以上的胚珠的比例,在放任区有41.5％,喷硼区52.6％,摘心疏穗区69.4％。从而,认为这些处理有促进受精后胚乳发达的效果。 4.从开花2—4日后,在许多胚珠中发生珠心萎缩,那些胚珠以后停止发育而退化。于开花6天后已退化的胚珠的比例,在摘心疏穗区的约达到45％,在喷硼区54％,放任区67％,从此时开始落果。任何区当在一子房内3—4个胚珠退化时,其子房脱落,假使只有一个胚珠退化,还是可以结果的。但两个胚珠退化的子房,在放任区几乎全部脱落,可是摘心疏穗区约半数结实。 5.从以上事实,白玫瑰香葡萄的落果,不是由于不受精,认为原因是从珠心的萎缩开始受精后胚珠的退化。一个小花的结实与否,主要决定于子房内继续发育的胚珠数。开花期前摘心疏穗或喷硼,认为主要的由于防止胚珠的退化而提高了结实率。 After 1-2 weeks of flowering, the large number of flowers fall off from the base of the pedicel. In order to understand the flowers after flowering pollination, from fertilization to the fruit until the fruit drop through the process, the white rose incense species were observed histomorphology. In addition, in order to improve the seed setting rate, various treatments such as topping and sparse spike and boron spraying were generally conducted before the anthesis to study how these measures affect the development of the ovary. 1. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track pollen tube elongation. One day after pollination, the pollen tubes in most florets reached within 3 or 4 ovules of 4 ovules within the ovary through the embryo. The arrival rate will not change after 2-4 days. The seed setting rate was 28.6% in spike-spike area, 15.8% in spray-sprinkled-out area and 9.5% in untreated sparse area. Although there were significant differences, the pollen tube elongation and the ratio of reaching ovule were not significant according to the districts The difference. 2. The endosperm nuclear fission, which indicates that the fertilization is completed, starts from 2,3 days after flowering, and after 4 days, there are more than two free nuclei in about 80% of the ovules. Therefore, it is speculated that the pollen tube does not fertilize if the ovule is indeed fertilized and the stubborn area is poorly endangered. However, the subsequent split activity of free nucleus varied greatly among regions. After 4 days of flowering, the proportion of ovules which were divided into more than 5 nuclei was 41.5% in the lethal region, 52.6% in the boron spraying region and 69.4% in the spiked spike region. Therefore, it is considered that these treatments have the effect of promoting the development of endosperm after fertilization. 4. From 2-4 days after flowering, atrophy of the beads occurs in many ovules, and those ovules later cease to develop and deteriorate. The proportion of ovules that have been degenerated after 6 days of flowering is about 45% in the area of ​​spiked spike ears, 54% in the boron sprayed areas and 67% in the lethal area, and the drop of fruit begins at this time. Any area where 3-4 ovules in a ovary degenerate, their ovaries fall off, and if only one ovule is degenerated, it may still be the result. However, ovary degradation of two ovaries, almost all of the laissez-faire area off, but sparsely populated area about half of the fruit firm. 5. From the above facts, the drop of white muscat grape is not due to not being fertilized, which is attributed to the degradation of the ovule after fertilization. The sturdiness of a floret depends mainly on the number of ovules that continue to develop in the ovary. Erecting spikelets or boron spraying prior to anthesis, it is believed that the major increase in seed setting due to the prevention of ovule degeneration.