日语动词ある与汉语动词“有”、“在”,在义项与用法上有很多相似之处。明于此,则为学汉语的日本学生提供了很大方便;然正因如此,其同中之异更难于掌握,这又给他们带来很多不便。研究和发现其相似处与同中之异处,有益于对日本人的汉语教学。 一、ある与“有”、“在”的一般差别 1·1 在日语中,除了某些有条件的例外,ある仅用于无意志者;而有意志者即人与动物则属于另一动词いる的使用对象。汉语的“有”、“在”没有这种跟制。 The Japanese verb あ る has a lot of similarities with the Chinese verbs “有” and “在” in meaning and usage. In this case, it is very convenient for Japanese students learning Chinese. However, it is more difficult for them to grasp the differences between them and this brings with them a lot of inconvenience. Studying and discovering similarities and differences among them helps to teach Chinese to Japanese. I. General Differences between “あ” and “有”, “on” 1.1 In Japanese, except for certain conditional exceptions, あ る is used only for those who are uninvited; while those who are interested, that is, people and animals belong to another verbい る use of the object. Chinese “have”, “in” no such follow-up.