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证候要素是指组成证候的主要元素。分析50年代对流行性乙型脑炎的中医治疗与2003年对SARS的中医治疗,发现一个共同特点,即中医界提出的辨证方法丰富多样,所涉及的证候要素却十分集中。流行性乙型脑炎的相关证候集中在“毒、热、湿、内风、痰与阴虚”6个基本要素,SARS的相关证候集中在毒、热、湿、瘀、阴虚、气虚、痰等7个基本要素,其他要素的出现概率均低于20%。说明在历次突发性公共卫生事件中,辨识证候要素已经潜移默化地发挥了重要效应,因而提取证候要素应该是病证规范最有效的方法。
Syndrome elements are the main elements that make up a syndrome. To analyze the TCM treatment of Japanese encephalitis in the 1950s and the traditional Chinese medicine treatment of SARS in 2003, we found a common feature that the syndrome differentiation method proposed by the Chinese medicine community is rich and varied, and the syndrome elements involved are very concentrated. The relevant syndromes of Japanese encephalitis are concentrated in six basic elements of “poison, heat, humidity, internal wind, sputum and yin deficiency”. The relevant syndromes of SARS are concentrated in the aspects of toxicity, heat, humidity, Qi deficiency, sputum and other seven basic elements, the other elements of the probability of occurrence of less than 20%. It shows that among all the sudden public health incidents, the elements of identification syndrome have played an important and subtle role. Therefore, extracting the syndrome elements should be the most effective method of syndrome differentiation.