黑钙土是我国北方温带草原地区的一种地带性土壤,分布的范围较广。东北的松嫩平原,内蒙古大兴安岭中南段的东西两侧、阴山、河北的燕山北麓、甘青地区的祁连山、西倾山垂直带、新疆的昭苏盆地、天山北坡、阿尔太山的南坡等地段都有分布。已往的文献著作及《中国土壤》直至1978年5月全国土壤分类学术交流会上拟定的中国土壤分类暂行草案,大都以碳酸钙在剖面中淋洗的程度作为划分该土亚类的主要依据,区分为黑钙土、碳酸盐黑钙土和淋溶黑钙土等亚类。其中仅《内蒙古自治区及东北西部地区土壤地理》一书以腐殖质含量和组成为主要依据,区分为暗黑钙土、黑钙土和淡黑钙土等亚类,而将碳酸钙淋洗程度和耕种、碱化等差异列为续分其下级土属的依据。根据整理全国性土壤标本及分析资料的初步研究看来,关于黑钙土的分类问题是有重新探讨的必要。 Chernozem is a kind of zonal soil in temperate steppe area of ​​northern China, which has a wide range of distribution. The Songnen Plain in Northeast China, the eastern and western sides of the central-southern section of Daxinganling in Inner Mongolia, Yinshan, the northern foot of Yanshan in Hebei, the Qilian Mountains in Gansu, the vertical belt in Xijingshan, Zhaosu Basin in Xinjiang, the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains, Southern slope and other lots have distribution. The previous literature works and the “soil of China” until May 1978 National Soil Taxonomy Conference on Science and Technology proposed the drafting of the Interim Draft soil classification, most of the calcium carbonate leaching in the profile as the main basis for the classification of soil sub-categories, Divided into Chernozem, carbonate chernozem and leaching Chernozem and other subcategories. Among them, only the book “Soil Geography in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Western Northeast China” is mainly based on the humus content and composition, and is divided into subclasses such as diabase, calcareous soil and calcareous soil, while the degree of calcium carbonate leaching and cultivation , Alkalization and other differences are listed as the basis for the succession of subordinate soil. According to the preliminary study on the compilation of national soil samples and analysis data, it is necessary to re-discuss the classification of Chernozem.