目的:探讨女性尿道神经鞘瘤(Schwannomas of female urethra)的临床及病理特点、诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析我院2002年1月～2012年1月收治的2例尿道神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料:2例患者均为女性,年龄42岁和48岁,均误诊为尿道肉阜,行尿道肉阜切除术。并结合文献复习,分析其临床特点。结果:1例术后病理回报为神经鞘瘤,免疫组织化学检查有特异性表现。1例1年后因肿瘤复发再次入院,行尿道肿物切除术,病理回报为低度恶性神经鞘瘤,术后未予进一步治疗,目前患者状况良好。结论:泌尿系神经鞘瘤临床上少见,而发生恶变者更为罕见。其诊断缺乏特异性,常误诊为尿道肉阜,确诊主要依靠病理和免疫组织化学检查;治疗方法可采用尿道肿物切除术。 Objective: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of female Schwannomas of female urethra. Methods: The clinical data of 2 patients with urethral schwannoma admitted to our hospital from January 2002 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. All 2 patients were female, aged 42 years and 48 years old, both of whom were misdiagnosed as urethral caruncle, Line urethral carotid removal. Combined with the literature review, analysis of its clinical features. Results: The pathological findings of 1 patient were schwannoma with immunohistochemistry. One patient was admitted to hospital again after one year because of tumor recurrence. The patient underwent urethral resection and the pathological findings were low grade schwannoma. No further treatment was performed after operation. The patient is in good condition at present. Conclusions: Urinary schwannoma is clinically uncommon, but malignant transformation is more rare. The diagnosis of the lack of specificity, often misdiagnosed as urethral caruncle, diagnosed mainly rely on pathology and immunohistochemical examination; treatment can be urethral tumor resection.