我国北方冬小麦生育期内干旱少雨,农业水资源紧缺,因此,由汛期降水形成的底墒,特别是土壤深层储藏的水分则成为小麦生长的重要水源之一。在中国气象局固城农业气象试验基地大型人工控制农田水分试验场,进行了提高底墒和土壤深层水分利用率,以肥促根觅水的旱作冬小麦田间试验。试验结果表明,施肥深度在20～40cm范围内,能明显促进冬小麦中、下层根系的生长发育,扩大作物觅取水分和养分的土壤空间,有效地吸收和利用储藏在土壤深层的水分,从而能充分发挥土壤水库的调控作用,提高小麦的产量和水分利用效率。 During the growth period of winter wheat in north China, drought and rainfall are scarce. Therefore, the soil moisture, especially the moisture stored in deep soil, becomes one of the important sources of water for wheat growth. In the field of large-scale manual control of farmland moisture in Gucheng Agrometeorological Experiment Base of China Meteorological Administration, field experiments were conducted to improve soil moisture and soil moisture utilization, and to promote root and water seepage in dryland winter wheat. The results showed that the fertilization depth in the range of 20 ~ 40cm, can significantly promote the growth and development of the middle and lower root system of winter wheat, expand the crop to find the soil moisture and nutrients in the soil, effectively absorbing and utilizing the moisture stored in deep soil so as to fully Play a regulatory role of soil reservoirs and improve wheat yield and water use efficiency.