一、前言 随着海洋调查的迅速发展,已探明在大洋底表层,蕴藏着极其丰富的多金属结核矿产资源,其中富集着镍、钴、铜、锰等多金属元素,储量大约3万亿吨,仅在太平洋就有1万亿吨,其商业价值达2万亿美元。除结核矿床外,还有海底热液矿床、钴结核矿床、磷化物矿床等。据联合国采矿专家组预测,最早实现 I. INTRODUCTION With the rapid development of marine surveys, it has been proved on the surface of the ocean floor that it contains extremely rich polymetallic nodule mineral resources, which are rich in nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese and other polymetallic elements, with a reserve of about 30,000. Billion tons, there are only 1 trillion tons in the Pacific Ocean, and its commercial value is up to 2 trillion US dollars. In addition to nodule deposits, there are submarine hydrothermal deposits, cobalt nodule deposits, phosphide deposits and so on. According to the prediction of the UN Mining Expert Group, the earliest realization