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消毒和灭菌我们周围的微生物,一般是不足以为害的,只有病原微生物才是我们应当严加防范、予以控制和消灭的敌人。临床上进行外科手术、注射、输血、补液、导尿时,如不认真做好消毒工作和掌握好无菌操作技术,就可能把病原微生物带入体内,引起感染化脓。发生传染病时,如不对病人的分泌物、排泄物、用具和周围环境进行消毒,就可能使病原微生物播散,甚至造成传染病的流行。因此了解消毒灭菌的基本原理和措施,对有效地杀灭病原微生物,防止病原微生物侵入人体,控制传染病的传播和流行等具有重要意义。
Sterilizing and sterilizing the micro-organisms around us is generally not enough to harm them. Only pathogenic micro-organisms are enemies that we should strictly guard against, control and eliminate. Clinical surgery, injection, blood transfusion, fluid replacement, catheterization, if not properly disinfected and master aseptic technique, it may be pathogenic microorganisms into the body, causing infection suppuration. In the event of an infectious disease, the disinfection of the patient’s secretions, excrements, utensils and the surrounding environment may spread the pathogenic microorganisms and may even lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore, understanding the basic principles and measures of disinfection and sterilization is of great significance for effectively killing pathogenic microorganisms, preventing pathogenic microorganisms from invading the human body, and controlling the spread and prevalence of infectious diseases.