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外商直接投资对企业出口规模影响的研究成果已经很丰富,但对出口路径的研究并不多见。文章以二元边际分析为框架,基于“企业—产品—目的地”的视角,利用2000-2006年企业数据进行分析,发现外资对出口的影响较弱。进一步区分出口的宽度和深度后,表明出口集约边际受FDI的影响不明显,有利于企业通过扩展边际实现出口的扩张。将出口扩展边际细化后,显示外资对新产品出口至老市场以及老产品出口至新市场的影响尤为显著。另外,外资对出口的拉动作用受制于行业技术机会的影响,对新产品出口的作用主要在“低技术机会行业”。最后,文章提出了如何利用外资促进中国出口的政策建议。
The research results on the impact of foreign direct investment on the export scale of enterprises have been very rich, but the study of export routes is rare. Based on the binary marginal analysis framework and based on the perspective of “enterprise - product - destination ”, this paper analyzes the data of enterprises from 2000 to 2006 and finds that the impact of foreign capital on exports is weak. After further distinguishing the width and depth of exports, it shows that the export-intensive marginalization is not significantly affected by FDI and is conducive to the expansion of exports by expanding margins. The refinement of the export expansion margin shows that the impact of foreign investment on the export of new products to old markets and the export of old products to new markets is particularly significant. In addition, the stimulating effect of foreign capital on exports is subject to the impact of technological opportunities in the industry, and the role of export of new products is mainly in the “low-tech opportunity industries.” Finally, the article puts forward some policy suggestions on how to use foreign capital to promote China’s exports.