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大型工件的大平面精加工是重型机械、造船、冶矿机械加工中亟待解决的课题。精加工大平面时,其尺寸精度、形位精度和光洁度都需符合技术要求。由于加工面积较大,铣刀本身精度和切削过程中的稳定性以及排屑性能等都会造成刀刃的磨损或崩刃,因而直接影响后两项技术要求。当然,机床的精度和振动性能也会影响工件的加工质量。我厂在过去的生产实践中,原来常用的硬质合金不重磨式端铣刀就难以满足这些要求。1982年后,我厂在承接某船厂的大型船用柴油机机座加工中,吸取国外端铣刀的结构优点,并参阅了有关资料,设计和研制了大平面精密加工用高效端铣刀(以下简称高精端铣刀)。经生产上应用,效果良好。现将该铣刀的切削应用情况和设计结构特点及其效果分析介绍如下。
Large-scale large-scale workpiece finishing is heavy machinery, shipbuilding, metallurgical machinery processing issues to be solved. Finishing the large plane, its dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy and finish must meet the technical requirements. Due to the larger processing area, the precision of the milling cutter itself and the stability of the cutting process as well as the performance of the chip removal can cause the blade to wear or chipping, which directly affects the latter two technical requirements. Of course, the accuracy and vibration performance of the machine will also affect the quality of the workpiece processing. I plant in the past, production practice, the original commonly used carbide wear-resisting end mill will be difficult to meet these requirements. After 1982, I plant in a shipyard to undertake large-scale marine diesel engine base processing, drawing on the structural advantages of foreign end mills, and refer to the relevant information, design and development of large-scale high-precision machining end mills (hereinafter referred to as High-end milling cutter). The production application, the effect is good. Now the cutter cutting applications and design of structural characteristics and the effect of analysis are described below.