论文部分内容阅读
十九世纪,美国的农业研究在一些研究机构里已经组成各自的管理单位。1887年,美国国会通过了哈奇法案,它要求所有使用公地的大学都成立农业试验站,生物防治研究也逐渐在农业上得到应用。 不久,重点落在“以虫治虫”上。纽约农试站率先引进捕食性昆虫;接着在密苏里州,用于治虫的寄生蜂可以散发给农民。然而从国外引进天敌的最重要的成果是加州。1888年,澳洲瓢甲(Rodolia cardinalis)被引进,并试放于防治吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi)。这次试验的成功推进了生物防治更多的研究。
In the nineteenth century, agricultural research in the United States has formed its own governing body in several research institutes. In 1887, the U.S. Congress passed the Hatch Act, which requires all universities that use commons to set up agricultural pilot stations. Biological control research has also gradually been applied to agriculture. Soon, the focus falls on “insect pest control”. The New York Agricultural Experiment Station pioneered the introduction of predatory insects; then in Missouri, parasitic wasps for pest control can be distributed to farmers. However, the most important result of importing natural enemies from abroad is in California. In 1888, Rodolia cardinalis was introduced and put on control of Icerya purchasi. The success of this trial has pushed for more research on biological control.