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血液学领域最近有许多惊人的成就,而基于分子生物学手段的研究是最突出的了。特别是在造血因子、白细胞膜抗原、造血器官肿瘤的癌症基因、遗传性红细胞异常症、血液凝固异常症等研究中,已经广泛应用。一、癌相关基因所致造血器官肿瘤的诊断造血器官肿瘤和其他脏器中的肿瘤不同,有很多肿瘤可以发现特异的染色体异常。此染色体异常多数是易位,在易位部位存在的癌基因能诱发变异。在此,有由变异的癌基因部分产生出变异的mRNA 及变异蛋白,及在易位部位附近存在癌基因,随着易位而出现癌基因蛋白增殖等两种情况。在造血器官肿瘤中,前者的代表为在慢性髓性白血病时见到的bcr-abl杂种基因所出现的蛋白异常,后者的代表为伯克特淋巴瘤的C-myc 基因增殖。
There have been many amazing achievements recently in the field of hematology, and research based on molecular biology is the most prominent. In particular, hematopoietic factors, leukocyte membrane antigens, hematopoietic cancer cancer genes, hereditary erythrocyte abnormalities, hematocrit abnormalities and the like have been widely used. First, cancer-related gene-induced hematopoietic tumor diagnosis Hematopoietic cancer tumors and other organs in different tumors, there are many tumors can be found in specific chromosomal abnormalities. Most of this chromosomal abnormalities are translocations, where oncogenes present at the translocation site can induce variation. Here, there are two types of mutated oncogene portions: mutated mRNAs and mutated proteins, oncogenes present near the translocations, and oncogene protein proliferation caused by the translocation. In the hematopoietic tumor, the former is represented by a protein abnormality in the bcr-abl hybrid gene seen in chronic myeloid leukemia, the latter being represented by the proliferation of the C-myc gene in Burkle-Lymphoma.