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目的:通过建立大鼠牙周膜牵张成骨快速牙移动模型,观察牙周膜牵张成骨过程中成骨细胞、破骨细胞及骨细胞的增殖情况。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠,随机分为实验组和正畸模型对照组。所有动物拔除右侧上颌第一磨牙后,对照组按传统方法建立正畸模型;实验组对右侧上颌第二磨牙近中牙槽骨实施减阻措施后,在右侧上颌第二磨牙和支抗牙上安装自制牵张装置,频率为1mm/2d,牵引1周后进入巩固期。所有动物于牵张开始时腹膜内注射溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(BrdU),分别在牵张开始后第3、5、10、20、30天,2组动物中随机选择4只动物处死,获取标本后,进行免疫组织化学染色。在标本新生组织中观察BrdU标记细胞的增殖和分化情况,对BrdU阳性细胞进行计数,利用SPSS16.0软件包中的配对t检验等进行统计学分析。结果:实验组的张力侧和压力侧均发现BrdU阳性细胞,主要为骨细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞和成纤维细胞等;BrdU阳性成纤维细胞和成骨细胞在第10天达到峰值,破骨细胞于第20天达到峰值,阳性骨细胞的数量随时间变化呈逐渐上升趋势。正畸模型对照组阳性成纤维细胞和成骨细胞在第5天和第10天的表达虽也呈上升趋势,但明显低于实验组,破骨细胞在第5天达到峰值,阳性骨细胞的数量也逐渐增多,但第20天和30天比实验组低。结论:牙周膜牵张成骨的成骨方式主要是膜内成骨;活跃的骨形成发生在牵张结束后巩固阶段的早中期,牙周膜牵张成骨过程中新骨的形成是不断进行的;牙周膜牵张成骨具有更活跃的破骨能力。BrdU阳性细胞能够在牙周膜中存在30d。
OBJECTIVE: To observe the proliferation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes during the process of distraction osteogenesis in periodontal ligament by establishing a model of rapid periodontal ligament distraction osteogenesis in rats. Methods: Forty SD male rats were randomly divided into experimental group and orthodontic model control group. After removal of the right maxillary first molars from all the animals, the control group was established orthodontic model by the traditional method. In the experimental group, the right maxillary second molars near the alveolar bone was subjected to drag reduction measures. Resistant to the installation of home-made stretch devices, the frequency of 1mm / 2d, 1 week after traction into the consolidation period. All animals were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at the beginning of distraction. Four animals were sacrificed on the 3rd, 5th, 10th, 20th, 20th and 30th days after the onset of distraction, respectively. Specimens were then subjected to immunohistochemical staining. The proliferation and differentiation of BrdU-labeled cells were observed in newly diagnosed specimens. BrdU positive cells were counted and analyzed by paired t-test in SPSS16.0 software package. Results: BrdU positive cells were found on the tension and pressure sides of the experimental group, mainly osteoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and fibroblasts; BrdU positive fibroblasts and osteoblasts peaked on the 10th day, The number of osteoclasts peaked on the 20th day and the number of positive osteocytes increased gradually with time. Orthodontic model control group positive fibroblasts and osteoblasts in the 5th and 10th days although the expression was also an upward trend, but significantly lower than the experimental group, the osteoclasts peaked on the 5th day, the positive osteoblast The number also gradually increased, but the first 20 days and 30 days lower than the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Osteogenesis of periodontal ligament distraction osteogenesis is mainly intramedullary osteogenesis; active osteogenesis occurs in the early and middle stages of the consolidation phase after stretching and the formation of new bone during periodontal ligament distraction osteogenesis Ongoing; Periodontal membrane distraction osteogenesis has a more active osteoclast. BrdU positive cells were able to exist in the periodontal ligament for 30 days.