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近 15年来 ,中国无土栽培的发展异常迅猛 ,1985年全国无土栽培的面积只有 0 .1hm2 ,1995年发展到 5 0hm2 。目前中国无土栽培的总面积约为 315 hm2 ,与 5年前相比增长了 3倍多 ,其中绝大部分都用于蔬菜生产 ,只有很小一部分用于花卉生产。目前中国生产上使用的无土栽培系统主要为有机生态型无土栽培系统、浮板毛管法、NFT、DFH和鲁 - SC系统。存在的主要问题是如何降低无土栽培系统的投资、提高产量、改善品质、并不污染环境。有机生态型无土栽培能生产绿色食品蔬菜。该文主要介绍了中国无土栽培的历史、采用的主要无土栽培系统型式、无土栽培研究和推广工作进展以及无土栽培在中国的发展前景。
In the recent 15 years, the development of soilless culture in China has been extremely rapid. In 1985, the area of soilless culture in the country was only 0.1hm2 and in 1995 it reached 500hm2. At present, the total area of soilless culture in China is about 315 hm2, more than tripled from 5 years ago. Most of them are used for vegetable production, while only a small part is used for flower production. At present, the soilless culture systems used in China mainly include organic soilless culture system, floating-plate capillary method, NFT, DFH and Lu-SC system. The main problems that exist are how to reduce investments in soilless cultivation systems, increase yields, improve quality and not pollute the environment. Organic eco-soilless cultivation can produce green food and vegetables. This paper mainly introduces the history of soilless culture in China, the main types of soilless cultivation systems used, the research and promotion of soilless cultivation, and the development prospects of soilless cultivation in China.