长期以来,各国都将电力行业作为自然垄断行业进行垄断经营。20世纪70年代以后,各国经济学家重新研究了自然垄断理论和管制理论,指出了电力工业改革的必要性以及应对电力行业进行适度管制。各国也纷纷对本国的电力工业从结构、竞争、管理三方面采取了多种模式的改革,但各种模式之改革应予以科学的分析。 For a long time, all countries have regarded the power industry as a monopoly of natural monopoly industries. After the 1970s, economists of various countries reexamined the theory of natural monopoly and regulation theory, pointed out the necessity of the reform of power industry and the proper control of power industry. All countries have also taken various models of reforms in their power industry from three aspects: structure, competition and management. However, the reform of various modes should be scientifically analyzed.