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目的了解北京市某郊区学生及其家长对学生体型的认知情况及其影响因素,为更好开展超重肥胖干预提供参考。方法选取北京市某郊区小学和中学各2所,以问卷方式对小学三、五年级、初一年级的学生及其家长进行调查,获得对学生体型的主观认知、家庭社会经济情况,以体质量指数(BMI)为依据客观评价学生体型,了解调查对象对学生体型的认知现状及影响因素。结果 56.00%的学生、60.24%的家长正确认知学生体型,34.12%的学生、32.94%的家长低估学生体型。超重肥胖学生及其家长低估学生体型者分别占58.20%,56.00%,与体重正常学生及其家长相比(学生低估比例为28.91%,家长低估比例为26.92%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年级、不同性别的学生对自身体型的认知差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);家长文化程度、家长体型、家长性别、家长对自身体型的评价、学生性别亦未影响家长对学生的体型认知(P值均>0.05)。结论学生及家长对学生体型的正确认知比例较低,学生体型是影响因素。
Objective To understand the cognitive status of students and their parents in a suburb of Beijing and their influencing factors, and provide a reference for better intervention of overweight and obesity. Methods Two schools of primary and secondary schools in a suburban area of Beijing were selected, and questionnaires were used to investigate the students in grade three, grade five and grade one in primary schools and their parents. Subjective cognition of students’ body shape and family socioeconomic status were obtained. Quality Index (BMI) based on objective assessment of student body size to understand the survey of students’ cognitive status of body size and influencing factors. Results 56.00% of students, 60.24% of parents correctly recognize the body size, 34.12% of students, 32.94% of parents underestimate the size of students. Overweight obese students and their parents underestimated the body size of students accounted for 58.20%, 56.00%, compared with normal students and their parents (underestimate the proportion of students was 28.91%, parents underestimated the proportion of 26.92%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Pupil’s educational level, parents ’size, parents’ gender, parents ’evaluation of their own size and gender of the students did not affect the parents’ cognition of their own body types in different grades and different sexes (P> 0.05) Students’ body size (P> 0.05). Conclusions Students and their parents have a lower percentage of students’ correct understanding of their body size and their body size are the influencing factors.