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美国学者约翰·甘柏兹提出的“语境化”概念是互动社会语言学中最具有建设性的思想。互动社会语言学认为语言的本质在于它的交际功能的实现。人们进行话语分析时,应把语言放在语境中进行研究,而语境是植根于社会和文化的语境。甘柏兹的语境化理论创新之处在于他对语言的研究既着眼于宏观背景又把它放在微观活动之中,形成“语境提示”。本文拟就对语境化理论作出评析,并指出语境化理论对交际教学法的启示。
The concept of “contextualization” proposed by the American scholar John Ganberz is the most constructive idea in interactive social linguistics. Interactive social linguistics holds that the essence of language lies in the realization of its communicative functions. When people conduct discourse analysis, language should be studied in context, and context is rooted in social and cultural context. The innovation of Gan Bozi’s contextualization theory is that his research on language not only focuses on the macroscopic background but also puts it in the microscopic activities, forming a “prompt in context”. This article intends to comment on the theory of contextualization and points out the implications of the contextualization theory for the communicative approach.