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应用荧光显微镜和常规石蜡切片观察侧金盏花(Adonis amurensis)花粉管生长和受精作用的全过程。结果表明,侧金盏花为湿型柱头,授粉后1–2小时,花粉粒与柱头识别;授粉后2–4小时,花粉粒萌发;授粉后4–6小时,花粉管进入柱头。侧金盏花的受精模式为珠孔受精,授粉后10小时,精子被释放;授粉后30小时,精核与卵核融合;授粉后7天合子形成;授粉后15天合子进入分裂期,合子休眠期为8天。2个极核在受精前不融合,授粉后14–16小时,精核与1个极核融合;授粉后20–22小时,受精极核与另1个极核融合形成初生胚乳核。双受精作用属于有丝分裂前配子融合型。通过实验确定了侧金盏花受精过程的雌雄性细胞融合形态变化与相应经历的时间及其合子休眠期。研究结果丰富了侧金盏花胚胎学资料,对其今后的育种及转基因研究具有重要意义。
The whole process of pollen tube growth and fertilization of Adonis amurensis was observed by fluorescence microscopy and conventional paraffin sections. The results showed that the lateral calendula wet type stigma, 1-2 hours after pollination, pollen grains and stigma recognition; pollination 2-4 hours after pollination germination; pollination 4-6 hours after the pollen tube into the stigma. The cotyledon fertilization mode is bead fertilization, and sperm are released 10 hours after pollination; sperm nucleus and egg nucleus are fused 30 hours after pollination; zygote is formed 7 days after pollination; zygotic enters zygote 15 days after pollination, Dormant period is 8 days. Two polar nuclei do not fuse prior to fertilization, 14-16 hours after pollination, and one polar nucleus fusion; pollination 20-22 hours after the fertilization of the polar nuclei and another polar nuclei to form the primary endosperm nucleus. Double fertilization belongs to pre-mitosis gametophytic fusion. The morphological changes of the male and female cells during the process of fertilization of Calendula officinalis and the corresponding experienced time and their zygotic dormancy period were determined through experiments. The research results enriched the information of embryo of Calendula officinalis, which is of great significance to its future breeding and transgenic research.