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肾结石的发病率是全人口的2％—3％,胆结石更普遍。胆结石手术后的死亡率是0.1％,而肾结石摘除死亡率接近2％。所以医疗界和医学物理界一直很重视非手术的治疗方法。近来,一种利用大振幅声脉冲来粉碎结石的非侵入治疗方法获得明显的成功。 利用聚焦激波粉碎肾结石的想法是西德Saarbru~-cken大学的E.Hausler 1971年提出来的。他在样机中使用一个椭球面反射镜,在反射镜的近焦点用电火花产生激波,整个装置放在一水池中,待破碎的结石位于反射镜的远焦点。1980年用成品仪器进行了第一次人体试验。从那时起,至少有七个厂家生产了400台体外激波碎石仪,做了几十万个肾结石破碎例,死亡率大约是0.01％。胆结石破碎方法也获得成功,但临床应用比肾结石破碎少。
The incidence of kidney stones is 2% -3% of the population, gallstone is more common. The mortality rate after gallstones surgery is 0.1%, while the mortality rate of kidney stones removal is close to 2%. Therefore, the medical community and the medical physics community have always attached great importance to non-surgical treatment. Recently, a noninvasive treatment that uses large amplitude acoustic pulses to crush stones has shown significant success. The idea of using crushing shock waves to crush kidney stones was proposed by E. Hausler, Saarbrück-Becken University, West Germany in 1971. He used an ellipsoidal reflector in the prototype, sparking a spark near the focal point of the mirror, placing the entire device in a tank, and the stone to be crushed at the far focus of the mirror. In 1980, the first human test was performed with the finished instrument. Since then, at least seven manufacturers have produced 400 extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters and have done hundreds of thousands of crushed kidney stones, with a mortality rate of about 0.01%. Gallstone crushing method has also been successful, but less clinical application than broken kidney stones.