饮用水在经管道输送到用户的过程中,微生物附着到管网内壁生长形成生物膜。生物膜的存在会引起一系列水质问题如病原菌的生长、色度和浊度的变化、管道的腐蚀等,对人类饮用水安全构成威胁。而且生物膜对消毒剂有顽强的抗性,一旦形成就难以控制。所以生物膜一直是给水管网研究的热点和难点。但是给水管网中生物膜的实际采样研究比较困难,而且实际取样无法连续监测生物膜形成的动态变化过程,因此用反应器实验模拟研究生物膜显得尤为重要。另外,随着技术的进步,研究给水管网生物膜不仅仅局限于传统的培养方法,还出现了一些新手段如现代分子生物学技术和显微镜图像分析技术,以便更加科学、合理地了解给水管网生物膜,从而保障城市供水的安全。文章重点介绍几种常见的用于研究给水管网生物膜的反应器及生物膜的研究方法,并对其原理及优缺点作了简要的讨论。 Drinking water in the pipelines to the user’s process, the microorganisms attached to the pipe wall growth to form a biofilm. The existence of biofilm can cause a series of water quality problems such as the growth of pathogenic bacteria, the change of color and turbidity, the corrosion of pipeline, etc., posing a threat to human drinking water safety. And biofilms have tenacious resistance to disinfectants, once formed, it is difficult to control. Therefore, biofilm has been a hot and difficult point in the research of water supply network. However, the actual sampling of biofilm in water supply network is difficult to study, and the actual sampling can not continuously monitor the dynamic process of biofilm formation. Therefore, it is very important to study the biofilm by reactor simulation. In addition, with the progress of technology, the research on water supply network biofilm is not only confined to the traditional culture methods, but also some new methods such as modern molecular biology technology and microscope image analysis technology are introduced to understand the water supply pipe more scientifically and reasonably Mesh biofilm to protect the safety of urban water supply. This article focuses on several common research methods used to study bioreactors and biofilms for biofilms in water distribution networks, and briefly discusses their principles, advantages and disadvantages.