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选用结荚习性不同的3个大豆品种(系),以大豆等行距单作和带状单作为对照,研究玉米-大豆带状套作下边际效应对大豆表型和产量的影响。结果表明,玉米-大豆带状套作下边际效应对大豆苗期和成熟期植株主茎长、平均节间长产生正向效应,对节数、茎粗、地上部生物量(或茎干重)产生负向效应;受综合边际效应—边际劣势影响,带状套作大豆的有效分枝数、主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株粒数、百粒重、单株产量等性状均发生负向效应。在玉米-大豆带状套作中,大豆植株平均节间长和主茎荚数的边际效应指数(绝对值)大,表型可塑性强;就品种类型而言,无限型大豆较亚有限型和有限型大豆的边际效应指数(绝对值)更大,表型可塑性更强。相关分析表明,单株产量的边际效应指数与苗期平均节间长的边际效应指数显著负相关,与苗期地上部生物量及有效分枝数、分枝荚数、单株粒数等的边际效应指数显著正相关。在玉米—大豆带状套作中,玉米收后大豆的边际优势难以弥补与玉米共生期间(苗期)的边际劣势,因此,选用边际效应敏感度低、表型可塑性弱的大豆品种有利于提高大豆产量。
Three soybean cultivars (lines) with different pod habit were selected to study the influence of the marginal effect of corn-soybean strip plantation on the phenotypic and yield of soybean. The results showed that the lower effect of maize-soybean belt-like intercropping had a positive effect on main stem length and average internode length of soybean in seedling stage and maturity stage. The effects of cutting number, stem diameter, aboveground biomass (or stem weight ) Produced a negative effect; by the comprehensive marginal effect - the marginal disadvantage, the number of effective effective number of branches, the number of stems pods, branches pods, grains per plant, grain weight per plant, per plant yield and other traits Both have negative effects. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, the marginal effect index (absolute value) and the phenotypic plasticity of the average internode length and main stem pod number of soybean plants were large. In terms of the types of cultivars, Soybean has a larger marginal effect index (absolute value) and greater phenotypic plasticity. Correlation analysis showed that the marginal effect index of single plant yield was significantly negatively correlated with the marginal effect index of average internode length at the seedling stage and was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass and number of effective branches, branches and pods, The marginal effect index was significantly and positively correlated. In the corn-soybean intercropping system, the marginal advantage of postharvest soybean can not make up for the marginal disadvantage during the symbiosis with maize (seedling stage). Therefore, the selection of soybean with low marginal effect sensitivity and poor phenotypic plasticity is beneficial to improve Soybean production.