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标示是文本中出现的起“标志”、“显示”等作用的叙述手段。叙事作品的作者都是“讲”故事的人,他们当然希望读者“听”懂自己的故事,为此,他们在文本中设置了种种标示,以引导读者按叙述意图把握故事。标示可分为两大类:人物标示与题旨标示。前者已有专文讨论,①后者相形之下更为重要,因为它提示创作动机、作品宗旨与主题等重大因素,直接关系着故事的“讲”与“听”。文学叙述学研究的是“叙述”(哪位作家不是用自己的笔在“叙述”?),而题旨标示则是“叙述”中至关重要的“叙述”,是一种“浓缩”了的叙述,是一种凝聚着作品的要义或精华的叙述。本文认为,研究文学叙述,不能无视标示这一重要范畴,尤其不能忽略题旨标示的研究。
Marking is the text appears in the “mark”, “display” and other functions of the narrative means. The authors of the narratives are all “storytellers,” and of course they want readers to “listen” to understand their own stories. To this end, they have put in place various indications in their texts to guide the readers in their storytelling. Marking can be divided into two categories: character marking and title marking. The former has been discussed in the article. ① The latter is more important than the other because it prompts creative motivation, the purpose and theme of the work, and other major factors, which are directly related to the story’s telling and listening. Literary narrative studies are “narrative” (which writers do not use their own pen in the “narrative?”), While the title of the subject is the “narrative” that is crucial in “narration” and is a “condensed” Narration is a narrative that embodies the essence or essence of a work. This paper argues that the study of literary narrative can not ignore the important aspects of marking, in particular, can not ignore the study of the subject matter.