本文评述了薄壁结构及其各部分构件(板和壳)同周围介质(空气、水、土)的非定常相互作用问题。由于这个问题涉及较大范围的课题而又不可能全面予以阐述,因此只能把主要注意力放在其中的一些课题上:冲击波对可变形薄壁结构的作用;壳体结构对各种障碍物的的冲击和侵彻;地震、风、波浪和水流等对工程和民用结构物的一定形式的非定常作用。 This article reviews the unsteady interactions between thin-walled structures and their components (plates and shells) with surrounding media (air, water, and soil). Because this issue involves a wide range of topics and it is impossible to fully explain it, it can only focus on some of the topics: the role of shock waves on deformable thin-walled structures; shell structures on various obstacles Impact and penetration; certain forms of unsteady effects on engineering and civil structures, such as earthquakes, winds, waves and currents.