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语言符号的形式与意义之间的关系究竟是任意性还是象似性,这是数十年来学术界激烈讨论着的话题。索绪尔的结构语言学和乔姆斯基的形式语言学认为,语言符号是任意的,音义之间不存在自然的联系,即使有某种联系也是例外。(Saussure,1916)与任意说相反,象似说认为,语言结构与所指之间存在联系或理据,也就是说,语言符号与其所表达的意义之间普遍存在着象似性——意义与形式之间有对应关系。
Whether the relationship between the forms and meanings of linguistic signs are arbitrary or iconic is a topic that has been intensively discussed by academics for decades. Saussure's structural linguistics and Chomsky's formal linguistics argue that the linguistic signs are arbitrary and that there is no natural connection between the phonetics and the semantics, even with some kind of connection. (Saussure, 1916) Contrary to what is arbitrary, it seems to be said that there is a connection or justification between language structure and signification, that is to say, there is a universal iconicity between linguistic signs and the meanings they express - Correspondence between the forms.