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本文引用了许多新的研究资料,阐明剖析土壤矿物的重要性,并强调必须应用先进技术,例如高分辨透射(扫描)电镜、能谱分析、电子衍射和 X 光衍射分析等,深入研究土壤体系。这些方法可在超微[mm(10~(-3)m)-nm(10~(-9)m)]范围内,直接形象地观察土壤中矿物结晶形貌、大小、结构以及它们之间的相互排列和结合状态,并可进行单晶和晶粒间的微区成分分析。因土壤由不同结构类型的粘粒矿物组成,其矿物活性差异很大,可直接影响土壤的比表面、阳离子交换量、离子的吸附和解吸等土壤性质,因此,对土壤中各级矿物尤其<2μm的矿物进行剖析,可揭示土壤胶体和晶粒表面与溶液离子、微生物、植物根系、肥料、污染物间相互作用的机理,有利于进一步探索土壤矿物对生产力及管理措施的影响。文章还对矿物剖析的应用前景作了高度评价。
This paper cites many new research materials that elucidate the importance of analyzing soil minerals and emphasizes the importance of applying advanced technologies such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy spectrum analysis, electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction analysis to further study soil systems . These methods can directly and directly observe the crystalline morphology, size and structure of minerals in the soil and the relationship between them in the range of ultramicro [mm (10 ~ (-3) m) -nm (10 ~ (-9) m) Of the mutual arrangement and the combination of state, and the single crystal and grain between the micro-component analysis. Because the soil is composed of clay minerals with different structural types, the mineral activity varies greatly and can directly affect the specific surface area of the soil, the amount of cation exchange, the adsorption and desorption of ions and other soil properties. Therefore, 2μm minerals can reveal the mechanism of the interaction between soil colloids and grain surfaces and solution ions, microorganisms, plant roots, fertilizers and pollutants, which is conducive to further explore the impact of soil minerals on productivity and management measures. The article also spoke highly of the prospect of mineral analysis.