近年来,中国煤炭工业得到了长足发展,有力的支撑了国民经济的持续快速增长。同时,矿灾的频频上演,死亡矿工人数占到世界死亡矿工总数的五分之四。血淋淋的事实折射出中国矿山法制与安全建设的悲哀。本文将从经济学的角度分析导致矿灾频发的利益激励制度,从法学的角度分析法律制度在此方面软约束的原因,进而探索出较为合理的矿工安全生产法律保障机制和受难矿工权利救济制度。 In recent years, China’s coal industry has made great strides, strongly supporting the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy. At the same time, mine staged frequently, the death of the number of miners accounted for four fifths of the world’s total number of dead miners. The bloody fact reflects the sadness of legal and security construction in Chinese mines. This essay will analyze the incentive system of interest which leads to the frequent occurrence of mine disaster from the economic point of view and analyze the reason of the soft constraint of legal system in this respect from the angle of jurisprudence so as to find a reasonable legal safeguards mechanism for miners’ system.