一、现状及问题1979年以后的中国社会主义经济建设,开始从发展封闭型社会主义经济转入发展开放型社会主义经济,外资利用规模迅速扩大.据联合国贸发会报告,截止1993年6月,中国的外资企业已达13.5万家,利用外资协议合同金额达1700亿美元,香港、台湾地区及美国和日本是四大资金来源地.通过利用外资弥补了社会主义市场经济初级阶段建设的储蓄—投资缺口和外汇缺口,加强了社会基础设施的建设,加速了工业化进程,扩大了物质生产能力并提高了科学技术水平,从而为中国的经济发展立下了汗马功劳.但是,尽管不断地创新和完善,我们在外资利用方面仍旧有许多不尽如人意之处,简单归纳为以下五点:1、外资结构失衡.我国由于历史的原因,虽然资源丰富,但国内投资基础设施相对薄弱,长期以来筹资以借贷为主要方式.根据世界银行IMF有关资料表明,我国1978～1992年的商业贷款余额占外债总额比重为60%左右,高于发展中国家平均水平48%,而其中短期外债比例达51%,高于国际警戒线25%,这种外债结构存在较大汇率风险和利率风险.至于币种安排,由于对国际金融 I. Status Quo and Problems China’s socialist economic construction after 1979 started its transition from developing a closed socialist economy to developing an open socialist economy and the scale of foreign capital utilization expanded rapidly. According to the UNCTAD report, as of June 1993 , And 135,000 foreign-funded enterprises in China have already signed contracts with foreign investors for a total contract capital of 170 billion U.S. dollars. Hong Kong, Taiwan, the United States and Japan are the four major sources of funds. The use of foreign investment has made up for the savings in the initial stage of the socialist market economy - The investment gap and the foreign exchange gap have strengthened the construction of social infrastructure, accelerated the process of industrialization, expanded the material production capacity and raised the level of science and technology, thus contributing to the economic development of China. However, despite continuous innovation and We still have a lot of unsatisfactory aspects of the utilization of foreign capital, which can be briefly summarized as the following five points: 1. The imbalance of foreign investment structure. For historical reasons, China has a relatively weak domestic investment infrastructure despite its rich resources. For a long time, Financing to borrow as the main method.According to the World Bank IMF relevant information shows that our country from 1978 to 1992 Of commercial loans account for about 60% of the total foreign debt, higher than the average level of developing countries of 48%, while the short-term foreign debt ratio of 51%, higher than the international warning line 25%, there is a large exchange rate risk of such foreign debt structure and Interest rate risk. As for the currency arrangement, due to the international financial