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湘军是以曾国藩为首的军阀武装，是为镇压农民革命而兴起的。它的兴起，在很大程度上影响了晚清的政局：一方面，它残酷地镇压了太平天国革命，挽救了濒临灭顶之灾的清王朝，同时也造成了汉族地主政治势力崛起的契机。另一方面，又对晚清中央集权制度起了分解作用，从此满、汉统治者之间的势力对比起了显著变化，地方督抚往往拥兵自重，尾大不掉。
The Hunan Army, armed with warlords led by Zeng Guofan, is emerging to suppress the peasant revolution. Its rise greatly influenced the political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. On the one hand, it brutally suppressed the Taiping Rebellion and saved the imperial Qing Dynasty that was on the verge of extinction. At the same time, it also created an opportunity for the rise of the Han Chinese landowners’ political forces. On the other hand, it also played a decomposition role in the system of centralization of state power in the late Qing Dynasty. From then on, the comparison of forces among the Manchu and Han rulers changed significantly. Local governors often overwhelmed themselves and their tail was not over.