《日内瓦公约》是对战争之下伤者、战俘、平民的保护条约,对世界的和平与文明的发展有着积极而又深远的推动意义。本文通过对《日内瓦公约》的解读,结合公约签订后二战中各国对战俘与敌国平民的不同态度以及刚果内战中少年兵问题进行了探讨与思考,分析了我国自加入公约后的行为表现,从民族文化角度考虑了战争与和平的问题,并提出了加强国际法的遵守、培养民族信仰、让战争文明化等建议。 The Geneva Conventions are treaties on the protection of the wounded, prisoners of war and civilians under the war. They have a positive and far-reaching stimulus for the development of world peace and civilization. Based on the interpretation of “Geneva Convention” and the different attitudes of prisoners of war and enemy civilians in various countries during the Second World War after the signing of the Convention, the issue of juvenile soldiers in the Congo civil war has been discussed and considered. This article analyzes the behavior of our country since its accession to the Convention. The issue of war and peace was taken into account in the perspective of national culture, and proposals were made to strengthen the observance of international law, foster national beliefs and make the war civilized.