目的　将DNA原位末端标记技术 (ISEL)应用于骨髓塑料包埋切片并观察急性白血病 (AL)细胞原位凋亡状况及化疗对凋亡的影响。方法　用ISEL方法检测初发及经治的AL 46例次骨髓塑包切片内细胞原位凋亡数量及特征 ,以缺铁性贫血 10例为对照组 ,并进行自身组间对照。结果　骨髓切片中凋亡细胞清晰 ,初治AL凋亡减少 ,与对照组相比有极显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。治疗有效者凋亡明显增加 ,凋亡细胞数与原始细胞下降百分数呈正相关 (R值 0 9172 )。结论　ISEL技术可应用于骨髓塑包切片 ,未经治疗的AL存在凋亡逃逸现象 ,细胞毒化疗可促进细胞凋亡 Objective To apply DNA in situ end-labeling (ISEL) to bone marrow plastic embedded sections and observe the in situ apoptosis of acute leukemia (AL) cells and the effect of chemotherapy on apoptosis. Methods ISEL method was used to detect the in situ apoptotic number and characteristics of 46 cases of primary and treated AL bone marrow plastic bags. Iron deficiency anemia was used as a control group and control group was used. Results The apoptotic cells in bone marrow sections were clear, and the initial apoptosis of AL was decreased, which was significantly different from the control group (P < 0.01). Apoptosis was significantly increased in the treated patients, and the number of apoptotic cells was positively correlated with the percentage of original cells (R value 0 9172). Conclusion ISEL technique can be applied to bone marrow plastic-wrapped sections. Apoptosis and escape of untreated AL can occur. Cytotoxic chemotherapy can promote apoptosis.