明朝中叶以后,西方殖民主义者相继东来。1557年,葡萄牙人欺占澳门;1624年,荷兰殖民者强取台湾;1637年,来华贸易的英国商船直闯广州,攻陷虎门炮台,迄清朝入关时,中国海疆的局面已是藩篱尽撤,门户洞开。在东西方两大世界日益接近的时代,东南海疆应如何平定与治理,无疑是摆在清朝统治者面前的一项重大选择。康熙亲政前期,在海疆治理方面有几件值得称道的大事,一是恩威并用,统一台湾;二是开海设关,发展内外贸易;三是重用海外传教士,虚心学习西方近代科学。而在其晚年,亦有许多令人非议的变化,如康 After the mid-Ming Dynasty, Western colonialists came one after another. In 1557, the Portuguese colonized Macao. In 1624, the Dutch colonists took Taiwan. In 1637, the British merchant ships trading in China went straight to Guangzhou and attacked the Humen fort. As of the Qing Dynasty’s entry into the borderland, the situation in China’s coastal areas was already exhausted Withdrawal, open the door. In an era when the two worlds of East and West are getting closer, how to settle down and govern the Southeast Sea should undoubtedly be a major choice before the Qing rulers. In the early days of pro-kang hee in Kangxi, there were several commendable events in the governance of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The first was the combination of grace and power and the unification of Taiwan. The second was the establishment of the sea and the development of internal and external trade. The third was the re-use of overseas missionaries to humbly learn of Western modern science. In his later years, there are many unwelcome changes, such as health