目的　探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞 (TUAE)治疗子宫肌瘤的疗效及安全性。方法　对 38例子宫肌瘤患者经导管子宫动脉注射碘油 平阳霉素乳剂行TUAE治疗 ,其中 5例于栓塞后 1～ 3周行全子宫切除或肌瘤剔除术 ,标本送病理检查 ;对 33例随访 6～ 12个月者 ,观察肌瘤与子宫体积变化及卵巢内分泌功能改变。结果　行TUAE后 ,患者总的症状改善率为 90 6 % (2 9/ 32 ) ,其中月经完全恢复正常为 90 3% (2 8/ 31) ,下腹部、腰腿胀痛消失为 83 3% (2 5 / 30 ) ,尿频、尿急等压迫症状消失为45 5 % (5 / 11)。栓塞 6个月后 ,肌瘤与子宫体积平均缩小为 5 9 1%和 49 3% ,栓塞 12个月后平均缩小为 6 1 8%和 49 9%。卵巢内分泌功能栓塞前后无显著变化。手术标本病理学检查 ,碘油仅分布于肌瘤组织 ,栓塞 2周后肌瘤组织出现点状坏死 ,3周后出现大量片状坏死 ,而正常子宫肌组织未见异常。结论　行TAUE治疗子宫肌瘤 ,近期疗效明显 ,对卵巢内分泌功能及正常子宫肌组织无明显影响 Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter uterine arterial embolization (TUAE) in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Methods Thirty-eight patients with uterine leiomyoma were treated with TUAE by intraperitoneal injection of lipiodol and pingyangmycin. Five patients underwent hysterectomy or myomectomy 1 to 3 weeks after embolization, and the specimens were sent for pathological examination. Totally 33 patients were followed up 6 to 12 months, observed fibroid and uterine volume changes and changes in ovarian endocrine function. Results After TUAE, the total symptom improvement rate was 90 6% (29/32), of which 90 3% (28/31) were completely recovered from menstruation, 83 3% disappeared from lower abdomen and waist and leg, (25/30), urinary frequency, urinary urgency and other symptoms disappeared 45 5% (5/11). After 6 months of embolization, the average myometrial and uterine volume was reduced to 591% and 493%, respectively. After 12 months of embolization, the average reduction was 61.8% and 49% respectively. No significant changes in ovarian endocrine function before and after embolization. Surgical specimens of pathological examination, lipiodol only distributed in fibroid tissue, fibroids tissue 2 weeks after embolization spotted necrosis, a large number of sheet necrosis after 3 weeks, while normal uterine muscle tissue no abnormalities. Conclusion TAUE treatment of uterine fibroids, the recent effect was significant, no effect on ovarian endocrine function and normal uterine muscle tissue