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测试效应,是指复习时的测试比重复学习更能促进记忆保持。它分为直接效应和间接效应。测试效应的早期理论着重研究其直接效应。近年来,研究者开始关注测试的间接效应,经历了借鉴其他理论、关注语义加工、探讨其作用机制三个阶段后,研究者们提出了语义中介假说。该假说认为,提取练习会促使学习者对学习内容进行语义加工,并根据测试结果调整其后续学习。这是对测试效应作用机制的更深层次的解释,对未来研究具有重要意义。
Test effect, refers to the review of the test more than the repetition of learning to promote memory retention. It is divided into direct and indirect effects. Early theories of test effects focused on their direct effects. In recent years, researchers have begun to pay attention to the indirect effects of testing. After three stages of learning from other theories, focusing on semantic processing and exploring its mechanism of action, the researchers proposed the semantic mediation hypothesis. The hypothesis is that the extraction exercise will prompt the learner to semantic processing of the learning content and adjust its subsequent learning based on the test results. This is a deeper explanation of the mechanism of the test effect and is of great significance for future research.