肿瘤的侵袭和转移是肿瘤的恶性标志，是成功治疗肿瘤的最大障碍，是肿瘤患者死亡的主要原因。从原发肿瘤到转移是由原发肿瘤部位细胞侵袭局部组织和跨越组织屏障的能力决定的，要引发此转移过程，癌细胞必须首先穿透上皮基底膜，然后侵袭间质层。上皮基底膜的缺损是侵袭的标志 Invasion and metastasis of tumors are the malignant signs of tumors. They are the biggest obstacles to the successful treatment of tumors and are the main cause of death of tumor patients. From the primary tumor to metastasis is determined by the ability of the primary tumor site cells to invade local tissue and cross the tissue barrier. To initiate this metastatic process, cancer cells must first penetrate the epithelial basement membrane and then invade the interstitial layer. Epithelial basement membrane defect is a sign of invasion