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目的分析宣城市2011-2013年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价预防接种异常反应监测系统的运转情况及接种安全性,为改进AEFI监测工作提供依据。方法收集宣城市2011-2013年AEFI监测系统报告的个案数据,用描述性流行病学方法对相关指标进行分析。结果宣城市2011-2013年报告AEFI 674例,其中以广德县报告最多。发生AEFI前三位的疫苗为无细胞百白破疫苗、白破疫苗、流脑A+C(结合)疫苗,男女性别比为1.07∶1,≤1岁儿童占62.91%,集中发生在5~9月。接种≤1 d发生的占86.20%。一类疫苗发生率为33.48/10万剂,二类疫苗发生率为20.07/10万剂。AEFI分类诊断中,一般反应占93.18%,异常反应占6.38%,偶合症占0.44%;临床损害以发热/红肿/硬结和过敏性皮疹最为多见。2011-2013年,AEFI调查及时率均为100%。结论全市的AEFI监测系统运转正常,目前所使用的疫苗安全性和预防接种服务质量良好,但AEFI监测工作还需进一步规范,规范预防接种操作,严格掌握疫苗禁忌症,能减少AEFI的发生。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected acute respiratory infection (AEFI) in Xuancheng City from 2011 to 2013 and evaluate the operation and vaccination safety of vaccination abnormal reaction monitoring system, so as to provide basis for improving the monitoring of AEFI. Methods The case reports of AEFI surveillance system in Xuancheng from 2011 to 2013 were collected and the related indicators were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results Xuancheng reported 674 AEFI cases in 2011-2013, of which the most was reported in Guangde County. The top three AEFI vaccines were acellular diphtheriae vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, meningitis A + C (combination) vaccine with a male / female ratio of 1.07: 1 and 62.91% of children <1 year of age, September. Vaccination ≤ 1 d accounted for 86.20%. The incidence of a class of vaccine was 33.48 / 10 million doses, the incidence of two types of vaccine was 20.07 / 10 million doses. AEFI classification diagnosis, the general reaction accounted for 93.18%, anomalous reactions accounted for 6.38%, coupling accounted for 0.44%; clinical damage to fever / redness / induration and allergic skin rash most common. 2011-2013, AEFI survey promptly rate was 100%. Conclusion The AEFI monitoring system in the city is in normal operation. The vaccine safety and vaccination services currently used are of good quality. However, the AEFI monitoring needs to be further regulated, the vaccination operation regulated, the vaccine contraindications strictly controlled, and the occurrence of AEFI reduced.