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本研究通过模拟复杂人机系统的监控作业,考察了长时工作记忆与短时工作记忆在情境意识保持中的作用。研究采用模拟的飞行相撞判断任务,通过考察中断任务对情境意识的影响,分析情境意识在记忆中的存储地点。本研究选择了心理旋转和算式判断两种中断任务。实验结果表明,在问题回答之前的中断阶段,无论施加心理旋转任务,还是施加算式判断任务,无论中断任务的加工负荷与记忆负荷有多高,熟练被试的情境意识始终保持于较高的水平,并没有因受到中断任务的干扰而出现下降。新手被试的情境意识受到心理旋转任务和算式判断任务的显著影响,两种任务的执行速度越快、记忆负荷越大,情绪意识水平就越低。本研究结果说明熟练被试可以利用长时工作记忆存储情境意识,新手被试主要利用短时工作记忆存储情境意识。
This study investigates the role of long-term working memory and short-term working memory in maintaining situational awareness by simulating the monitoring of complex human-machine systems. The research uses simulated flight collision judgment task to investigate the impact of interrupt task on situational awareness and analyze the storage location of situational awareness in memory. This study chose two kinds of interrupt tasks: mental rotation and arithmetic. The experimental results show that regardless of the task of mental rotation or the task of mathematical expression, no matter how high the processing load and memory load of the interrupted task, the situational awareness of skilled subjects always remains at a high level , And did not decline due to disruptive tasks. The situational awareness of novice subjects was significantly affected by mental rotation task and arithmetic judgment task. The faster the execution of the two tasks, the greater the memory load, the lower the level of emotion awareness. The results of this study show that proficient subjects can use long-term working memory to store situational awareness, while novice participants mainly use short-term working memory to store situational awareness.