基坑是在基础设计位置按基底标高和基础平面尺寸所开挖的土坑,是一切工程项目的基础,所以保证基坑安全尤其重要。基坑的安全稳定状态决定了整个工程建设能否顺利完成,对基坑进行监测就是为了防患于未然,保障工程安全。以下是几种基坑监测的基本方法 :水平位移监测测定特定方向上的水平位移时可采用视准线法、小角度法、投点法等;测定监测点任意方向的水平位移时可视监测点的分布情况,采用前方交会法、自由设站法、极坐标法等;当基准点距基坑较远时,可采 The foundation pit is a pit that is excavated at the base design position according to the elevation and basic plane of the basement and is the foundation of all projects. Therefore, it is especially important to ensure the safety of foundation pit. The safety and stability status of the foundation pit determines whether the construction of the whole project can be successfully completed or not. The monitoring of the foundation pit is to take precautions to ensure the safety of the project. The following are some basic methods of pit monitoring: Horizontal displacement monitoring can be used to measure the horizontal displacement in a particular direction, such as the line of sight method, small angle method, throwing method; monitoring the horizontal displacement in any direction of the visual monitoring Point of distribution, the use of the front of the intersection method, free station set method, polar coordinate method; when the reference point away from the pit when the recoverable