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明人喜欢在义理上周旋,读书人里边少有经世之学,晚明尤是。《明史》卷二百五十二称:“明季士大夫问钱谷不知,问甲兵不知……”实乃无所用者。“钱谷”一节姑不论。而所谓“问甲兵不知”,却并非不问兵事。天启、崇祯两朝,边患日亟,民变迭起,连年用兵不已,故而兵革之事渐为舆论热点。明代向例,以文官制军,兵枢是文职居津,而以督师之名在前方领军打仗者也多为文臣。如,杨镐、熊廷弼、袁崇焕、卢象升、孙传庭、杨嗣昌、熊文灿、洪承畴辈,俱为一时风云人物,可谓“壮岁旌旗拥万夫”者矣。由于时势所驱,风气所被,当时士大夫于帷幄筹略多予用心。即便跟军旅不沾边的,也好作韬钤阔论。《明史》卷二百五十二以下,记天崇两朝好言兵者不在少数。略举述如下:
Ming people like to deal with the sense of justice, there are few scholars in the world through the study of the world, especially the late Ming. “History of Ming” volume two hundred and fifty-two said: “Ming Ji Shi asked Qian Gu do not know, ask soldiers do not know ... ...” It is no use. A section of “Money Valley” no matter. The so-called “ask soldier I do not know,” but not without regard to military affairs. Apocalypse, Chongzhen two dynasties, border-dying urgently, the people change from beginning to end, successive years of military use, so the issue of military leather gradually became a hot media. The Ming Dynasty to the example, with the civil service army, Bingshu is the civil service in Tianjin, and in the name of the governor in front of the leader of the war are mostly civilians. For example, Yang Hao, Xiong Tingbi, Yuan Chonghuan, Lu Xiangsheng, Sun Chuan-ting, Yang Sichang, Xiong Wencan, Hong Chengrui generation, all of a sudden people, can be described as “strong flag carrying Wan Fu” carry on. Due to the prevailing circumstances, the climate was being used. At that time, the scholar-doctor was much more attentive to his strategy. Even with the military brigade, Ye Hao as a Taoist. “History of Ming” volume two hundred and fifty-two below, remember Tianzong two dynasties good words are not many. Briefly described as follows: