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一、考古学资料所反映的氏族公社的历史文化特征氏族社会是继原始群后原始社会组织和存在的形式,也是人们集体谋生的组织实体。由于年代久远,氏族社会的组织形式和社会制度已难觅其踪迹,但通过考古发掘与民族志资料结合,则可以复原和揭示当时社会生活的某些方面。我国的原始社会,在考古学上涵盖旧石器、中石器和新石器时代,属于文字记载以前的历史,我们称其为“史前时代”。而“文化”一词的特定含义在考古学中是指:(1)存在于一定时间;(2)拥有特征相同或相似的一组遗存;(3)同时具有相对稳定的分布地域。研究史前文化,首先当研究氏族文化,因为它是继原始群后成为社会第二大阶段的社
I. Historical and Cultural Characteristics of Clan Commune Reflected by Archeological Materials Clan society is the original form of social organization and existence after the primitive group and an organizational entity for people to make a living. Due to the age-old clan society’s organizational form and social system, it has been hard to find its trace. However, archeological excavations combined with ethnographic materials can restore and reveal some aspects of social life at that time. The primitive society of our country, covering the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic archeology, belongs to the previous history of written records, which we call “prehistoric age.” The specific meaning of the term “culture” in archeology means: (1) it exists for a certain period of time; (2) it possesses a group of relics with the same or similar characteristics; and (3) it has a relatively stable geographical distribution at the same time. Studying prehistoric culture begins with a study of the clan culture as it is the second most important stage of society following the original group