科学奖励制度是科学体制发展出的一种给那些实现了其规范要求的科学家分发奖励的制度。它既是对科学成果的独创性、真理性和价值性的承认,也是对科学家科学能力的社会承认。许多研究表明,奖励制度对科学体制的社会运行具有十分重要的意义。本文就中国科学奖励制度的历史与现状进行分析并就其未来发展提出尝试性建议。 The scientific reward system is a system developed by the scientific system that distributes rewards to scientists who fulfill their regulatory requirements. It is not only an acknowledgment of the originality, truth and value of scientific achievements, but also a social recognition of scientists' scientific capabilities. Many studies show that the reward system is of great importance to the social functioning of the scientific system. This article analyzes the history and present situation of China's science reward system and makes tentative suggestions on its future development.