1.前言 现用结构材料中钢铁材料和水泥可以说是二大类材料。虽然从18世纪以来,钢铁材料在现实生活中一直被使用,但是近年来其性能发展仍是非常惊人。当我们回顾结构用材料的发展历史时发现有二大流派观点,一个是如何充分提高材料的强度,另一个是如何实现加工的简单化。从制作结构物的观点出发,结构用材料的基本要求是可加工性,另外还必须应具有经济性。一般说来,钢材的高强度化多半会造成加工性和其它性能的恶化。故可以说大多数的努力 1. Introduction Iron and steel materials and cement used in structural materials can be said to be two major types of materials. Although iron and steel materials have been used in real life since the 18th century, their performance in recent years is still very alarming. When we review the history of the development of structural materials, we discovered that there are two major schools of thought, one is how to fully improve the strength of materials, and the other is how to simplify the processing. From the standpoint of making a structure, the basic requirement of the material for the structure is workability, and it must also be economical. Generally speaking, the high strength of steel will cause deterioration of processability and other properties. It can be said that most of the efforts