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本文首先回顾了纤维素衍生化反应和非衍生化反应的有机溶剂,特别是偶极非质子含氧碱性溶剂体系,扼要介绍了纤维素在这两类溶剂中的均相酰化、烷基化和接枝共聚反应的现状。然后,着重叙述作者利用 N_2O_4/DMF 衍生化反应溶剂体系进行纤维素酰化反应合成阴离子酯类(硫酸酯、磷酸酯)的最新研究成果。最后讨论了纤维素在新的有机溶剂体系中的均相衍生作用的优缺点,强调指出羟基位置的取代反应选择性控制的可能性和后处理步骤对决定产物性质的重要作用。
In this paper, the organic solvents, especially the apolar aprotic oxygen-containing alkaline solvents, of cellulose derivatization reaction and non-derivatization reaction are reviewed. The homogeneously acylated cellulose in these two solvents is briefly introduced. The status of graft copolymerization. Then, the author focuses on the latest research results on the synthesis of anionic esters (sulfates, phosphates) by cellulose acylation reaction using N 2 O 4 / DMF derivatization solvent system. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of homogeneous derivatization of cellulose in new organic solvent systems are discussed. The importance of the selective control of the substitution reaction at the hydroxyl sites and the post-processing steps are important to determine the nature of the product.