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目的分析少数民族地区献血人群中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、梅毒螺旋体(TP)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的感染状况,为少数民族地区献血人群的质量控制提供科学依据。方法2006年1月-2008年6月四川省阿坝州共有4496名献血者,采用ELISA检测献血者的HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV以及抗-TP,梅毒螺旋体的检测还增加RPR检测,比较不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度人群HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-TP、抗-HIV阳性率以确定HBV、HCV、TP、HIV在少数民族地区献血人群中的感染率以及各人群分布。数据库建立和统计学分析采用SPSS14.0,率的比较采用χ2检验(α=0.05)。结果所有献血人员中没有检测到HIV感染,HBV、HCV、TP的感染率分别为16.2‰、2.9‰、11.1‰。男性HBV感染率显著高于女性(χ2=10.238,P=0.001),HCV、TP的感染率不存在男女性别差异(χ2=1.999,P=0.157;χ2=0.291,P=0.590)。～35岁组TP感染率显著高于其他年龄组(χ2=19.770,P=0.000),HBV、HCV的感染率不存在年龄差异(χ2=0.967,P=0.809;χ2=1.983,P=0.576)。汉族HBV感染率显著高于其他民族(χ2=17.973,P=0.000),藏族HCV和TP的感染率均显著高于其他民族(χ2=6.505,P=0.039;χ2=19.258,P=0.000)。HBV感染率与文化程度密切相关,文化程度越高,HBV感染率越高(χ2=12.160,P=0.002),但HCV、TP感染率在各文化程度人群中没有统计学差异(χ2=3.179,P=0.204;χ2=5.521,P=0.063)。结论少数民族地区献血人员HBV、HCV、TP、HIV的感染率与其他地区不同,并存在民族间的差异,因此,这些地区的采供血机构除加强HBV、HCV、HIV等病毒性传染病病原体的检测外,应着重加强梅毒螺旋体的检测。
Objective To analyze the infection status of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in blood donors in ethnic minority areas and to provide quality control for blood donors in ethnic minority areas. Provide a scientific basis. Methods From January 2006 to June 2008, a total of 4496 blood donors were collected from Aba Prefecture of Sichuan Province. The detection of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV and anti-TP in Treponema pallidum by ELISA was also increased by RPR The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-TP and anti-HIV in different age groups, ethnic groups and educational level were used to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, TP and HIV in blood donors in minority areas and the population distribution. The establishment of the database and statistical analysis using SPSS14.0, rate comparison using χ2 test (α = 0.05). Results No HIV infection was detected in all blood donors. The infection rates of HBV, HCV and TP were 16.2 ‰, 2.9 ‰ and 11.1 ‰, respectively. The prevalence of HBV in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2 = 10.238, P = 0.001). There were no gender differences in infection rates of HCV and TP (χ2 = 1.999, P = 0.157; χ2 = 0.291, P = 0.590). The prevalence of TP was significantly higher in patients aged ~ 35 years than in other age groups (χ2 = 19.770, P = 0.000). There was no age difference between HBV and HCV (χ2 = 0.967, P = 0.809; . The prevalence of HBV in Han nationality was significantly higher than that in other ethnic groups (χ2 = 17.973, P = 0.000). The infection rates of HCV and TP in Tibetan were significantly higher than those in other ethnic groups (χ2 = 6.505, P = 0.039; χ2 = 19.258, P = 0.000). The infection rate of HBV was closely related to the education level. The higher the education level was, the higher the HBV infection rate was (χ2 = 12.160, P = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in the infection rates of HCV and TP between different education groups (χ2 = 3.179, P = 0.204; χ2 = 5.521, P = 0.063). Conclusion The prevalence rates of HBV, HCV, TP and HIV in blood donors in ethnic minority areas are different from those in other areas. There are also differences among ethnic groups. Therefore, blood collection and blood donation agencies in these areas should not only strengthen the pathogens of viral infectious diseases such as HBV, HCV and HIV Detection, should focus on strengthening the detection of Treponema pallidum.