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从1654年至鸦片战争之前,俄国向清政府派遣了8个正式的外交使团,其中5个在康熙时期。中国方面,康熙皇帝也出于客观形势需要,史无前例地派出了两个与俄国接触的中国使团。这一时期,中俄之间交往频繁,成果显著,意义重大。而在两国正式接触的过程中,作为媒介和桥梁的外交使团起到了至关重要的作用。本文就两国使团在出访目的、使臣选择、外交礼仪、外交地位等四个方面进行比较分析,从一个特殊的视角透视当时两国的政治、经济、外交、文化等方面存在的巨大差异,以期为今天的中俄交往提供有益的借鉴和启示。
From 1654 until the Opium War, Russia dispatched eight official diplomatic missions to the Qing government, five of them during the Kangxi period. In China, Emperor Kangxi also sent out two Chinese missions in contact with Russia for unprecedented reasons. During this period, the frequent contacts between China and Russia have yielded remarkable results and are of great significance. In the process of formal contacts between the two countries, diplomatic missions as media and bridges have played a crucial role. This article makes a comparative analysis of the missions of the two countries in terms of their purpose of visit, envoy selection, diplomatic etiquette, diplomatic status and so on, and from a special perspective, they can see the huge differences in politics, economy, diplomacy and culture between the two countries at the time , With a view to provide useful lessons and enlightenment for today’s Sino-Russian exchanges.