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在整整一个世纪中,国家的地位和工会运动所扮演的历史性政治角色,导致法国社会关系的制度化相对较弱。工会之所以很少像许多其他发达资本主义国家那样被视为劳资关系中的一个角色而加以分析,其原因正在于此。工会直到很晚才得到法律认可(1884年)。工会之所以迟迟不被承认,原因首先是政治方面的。雇主与工人运动之间的紧张关系是建立稳定制度的重大障碍,这种紧张同样见诸各行业之间的关系。集体谈判直到很晚才获得合法身份:1919年的第一项法律因为资方的拒绝而告吹;1936年的第二项法律确立了集体谈判的前提;1950年,各部门的集体谈判才得以制度化;1982年的立法将强制性的谈判扩展到各个企业。
For a whole century, the position of the state and the historical political role played by the trade union movement have resulted in the relatively weak institutionalization of French social relations. The reason why trade unions are rarely analyzed as a role in labor relations as many other developed capitalist countries do. The union was not recognized by law until late (1884). The reason why trade unions have not been recognized for too long is that the political reasons are above all. The tension between employer and workers’ movements is a major obstacle to the establishment of a stable system, which is also seen in the relationships among the various sectors. Collective bargaining did not take legal status until very late: the first law of 1919 blew out because of the refusals of employers; the second law of 1936 established the preconditions for collective bargaining; and in 1950 the collective bargaining of various sectors was institutionalized The 1982 legislation extended mandatory negotiations to all enterprises.